Multi-factor authentication model based on multipurpose speech watermarking and online speaker recognition

Abstract

In this paper, a Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) method is developed by a combination of Personal Identification Number (PIN), One Time Password (OTP), and speaker biometric through the speech watermarks. For this reason, a multipurpose digital speech watermarking applied to embed semi-fragile and robust watermarks simultaneously in the speech signal, respectively to provide tamper detection and proof of ownership. Similarly, the blind semi-fragile speech watermarking technique, Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform (DWPT) and Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) are used to embed the watermark in an angle of the wavelet’s sub-bands where more speaker specific information is available.