Opioids: Pharmacology and Epidemiology

Abstract

Opioids have been used for many years as the most effective analgesics for pain management. This work discloses the pharmacological classification, therapeutic uses, health risks and adverse reactions of opioids as medicines, setting out the paradigm of using this type of drug to control pain. However, they have become a health problem in distinct countries, as they have a high addictive potential under certain circumstances. In addition to their use against pain, opioids are also employed as antidiarrheal, antitussive and for the treatment of diverse symptomatology. Despite the adverse effects, misuse and abuse of opioids, they are still considered as indispensable in pain therapy. Currently pharmaceutical research is working on the constant development for new drugs with less severe effects and a high analgesic potency.