http://ricaxcan.uaz.edu.mx/jspui/handle/20.500.11845/1460 2026-04-04T14:26:49Z 2026-04-04T14:26:49Z http://ricaxcan.uaz.edu.mx/jspui/handle/20.500.11845/2877 2021-12-14T18:05:49Z 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z

Título : Implementation of the Kalman Filter for a Geostatistical Bivariate Spatiotemporal Estimation of Hydraulic Conductivity in Aquifers Authors: Junez Ferreira, Hugo Enrique; González Trinidad, Julian; Junez Ferreira, Carlos Alberto; Robles Rovelo, Cruz Octavio; Herrera, G.S.; Olmos Trujillo, Edith; Bautista Capetillo, Carlos Francisco; Contreras Rodríguez, Ada Rebeca; Pacheco Guerrero, Anuard Isaac Resumen : The estimation of the hydraulic parameters of an aquifer such as the hydraulic conductivity is somehow complicated due to its heterogeneity, on the other hand field and laboratory tests are both time consuming and costly. The use of geostatistical-based techniques for data assimilation could represent an alternative tool that allows the use of space-time aquifer behaviour to characterize hydraulic conductivity heterogeneity. In this paper, a spatiotemporal bivariate methodology was implemented combining historical hydraulic head data with hydraulic conductivity sparse data in order to obtain an estimate of the spatial distribution of the latter variable. This approach takes advantage of the correlation between the hydraulic conductivity (K) and the hydraulic head (H) behaviour through time. In order to evaluate this approach, a synthetic experiment was constructed through a transitory numerical flow-model that simulates hydraulic head values in a horizontally-heterogeneous aquifer. Geostatistical tools were used to describe the correlation between simulated spatiotemporal data of hydraulic head and the spatial distribution of the hydraulic conductivity in a group of model nodes. Subsequently, the Kalman filter was used to estimate the hydraulic conductivity values at nonsampled sites. The results showed acceptable differences between estimated and synthetic hydraulic conductivity data, with low estimate error variances (predominating the 1 m2/day2 value for K for all the cases, however, the smallest number of cells with values above 2 m2/day2 correspond to the bivariate spatiotemporal case) and the best agreement between the estimated errors and the selected model variance (SMSE values of 0.574 and 0.469) were found for the bivariate cases, which suggests that the implemented methodology could be used for reducing calibration efforts, particularly when the hydraulic parameters data are scarce.

2020-11-01T00:00:00Z http://ricaxcan.uaz.edu.mx/jspui/handle/20.500.11845/2876 2021-12-14T18:05:34Z 2021-01-14T00:00:00Z

Título : Estimation of the Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficients of Bell Pepper Using a Removable Weighing Lysimeter: A Case Study in the Southeast of Spain Authors: Ávila Dávila, Laura; Molina Martínez, José Miguel; Bautista Capetillo, Carlos Francisco; Soler Méndez, Manuel; Robles Rovelo, Cruz Ocrtavio; Junez Ferreira, Hugo Enrique; González Trinidad, Julian Resumen : Water use efficiency is essential in semiarid regions of Spain, and it can be achieved through a precise knowledge of the real crop water requirements (CWR). The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) offers standardized crop coefficients to establish the CWR. However, these coefficients can change due to different conditions, such as climatic variations and cultivation practices. In this work, the evapotranspiration (ETClys) and crop coefficients (KClys) of bell pepper were obtained with a compact removable weighing lysimeter between February and August for two crop seasons (2019 and 2020). ETClys was determined from the water balance, and the KClys values were determined as the ratio of the crop evapotranspiration, measured on the removable weighing lysimeter, and the reference evapotranspiration. The KClys average values for the bell pepper in the initial, middle, and final stages were 0.57, 1.06, and 0.80, respectively. KC regression models were obtained as a function of the fraction thermal units, achieving a maximum correlation of 0.67 (R2). In general, the KC values obtained in this research work were lower in the initial and in the final stages and larger in the middle stage in comparison with the FAO-56 values and other research works values in semiarid conditions. The bell pepper yield increased by 7.72% in 2019 and by 3.49% in 2020 compared to the yield reported by the Ministry of the Environment and Rural and Marine Areas of the Spanish Government in 2019 and with a minimum water loss through drainage. The results in this work can help farmers to determine the crop water requirements and to improve the system efficiency in semiarid locations with similar conditions to those in the study.

2021-01-14T00:00:00Z http://ricaxcan.uaz.edu.mx/jspui/handle/20.500.11845/2875 2021-12-14T18:05:18Z 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título : A Compact Weighing Lysimeter to Estimate the Water Infiltration Rate in Agricultural Soils Authors: Ávila Dávila, Laura; Soler Méndez, Manuel; Bautista Capetillo, Carlos Francisco; González Trinidad, Julian; Junez Ferreira, Hugo Enrique; Robles Rovelo, Cruz Octavio; Molina Martínez, José Miguel Resumen : Infiltration estimation is made by tests such as concentric cylinders, which are prone to errors, such as the lateral movement under the ring. Several possibilities have been developed over the last decades to compensate these errors, which are based on physical, electronic, and mathematical principles. In this research, two approaches are proposed to measure the water infiltration rate in a silty loam soil by means of the mass values of a lysimeter weighing under rainfall conditions and different moisture contents. Based on the fact that with the lysimeter it is possible to determine acting soil flows very precisely, then with the help of mass conservation and assuming a downward vertical movement, 12 rain events were analyzed. In addition, it was possible to monitor the behavior of soil moisture and to establish the content at field capacity from the values of the weighing lysimeter, from which both approach are based. The infiltration rate of these events showed a variable rate at the beginning of the rainfall until reaching a maximum, to descend to a stable or basic rate. This basic infiltration rate was 1.49 ± 0.36 mm/h, and this is because soils with fine textures have reported low infiltration capacity. Four empirical or semi-empirical models of infiltration were calibrated with the values obtained with our approaches, showing a better fit with the Horton’s model.

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ricaxcan.uaz.edu.mx/jspui/handle/20.500.11845/2872 2021-12-09T17:52:59Z 2017-09-01T00:00:00Z

Título : Assessing low-pressure solid-set sprinkler irrigation in maize Authors: Robles Rovelo, Cruz Octavio; Playan, Enrique; Cavero, José; Zapata, Nery Resumen : Water and energy are limited and expensive resources. Conserving water and energy is a requirement to ensure the viability of modern pressurized irrigation systems. The objective of this research was to analyze the possibilities of reducing the nozzle operating pressure of impact sprinklers from 300 kPa (standard pressure) to 200 kPa (low pressure) in solid-set irrigation systems without reducing the sprinkler spacing and maintaining crop yield. Three treatments resulting from combinations of sprinkler type, and working pressure were analyzed: 1) Conventional impact sprinkler operating at 300 kPa (CIS300); 2) Conventional impact sprinkler operating at 200 kPa (CIS200); and 3) Modified deflecting plate impact sprinkler operating at 200 kPa (DPIS200). A randomized experimental design was applied to a maize crop during two seasons (2015 and 2016). Irrigation performance was measured by catch-can monitoring at one replicate of each treatment. Maize growth, yield and its components were measured. Differences between treatments in soil water, maize growth and yield variables were analyzed using ANOVA. Seasonal irrigation uniformity evaluated at the top of the canopy was larger for the standard pressure treatment (93%) than for the low pressure treatments (82% and 84% for DPIS200 and CIS200, respectively). The average wind drift and evaporation losses for the 2016 irrigation season were higher for the CIS300 treatment (17%) than for the low pressure treatments, DPIS200 (15%) and CIS200 (13%). Low pressure treatments did not reduce grain yield compared with the standard pressure treatment. Differences in irrigation performance and maize yield between the low pressure treatments, DPIS200 and CIS200, were not statistically significant. The reduction in energy use by reducing the operating pressure from 300 kPa to 200 kPa would allow to increase the net farming benefit of individual and collective systems. This is particularly true if low pressure irrigation is considered at the design phase of the irrigation system.

2017-09-01T00:00:00Z